R, like S, is designed around a true computer language, and it allows users to add additional functionality by defining new functions. The term “environment” is intended to characterize it as a fully planned and coherent system, rather than an incremental accretion of very specific and inflexible tools, as is frequently the case with other data analysis software. a well-developed, simple and effective programming language which includes conditionals, loops, user-defined recursive functions and input and output facilities.

graphical facilities for data analysis and display either on-screen or on hardcopy, and.a large, coherent, integrated collection of intermediate tools for data analysis,.a suite of operators for calculations on arrays, in particular matrices,.an effective data handling and storage facility,.R is an integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. It compiles and runs on a wide variety of UNIX platforms and similar systems (including FreeBSD and Linux), Windows and MacOS. R is available as Free Software under the terms of the Free Software Foundation’s GNU General Public License in source code form. Great care has been taken over the defaults for the minor design choices in graphics, but the user retains full control. One of R’s strengths is the ease with which well-designed publication-quality plots can be produced, including mathematical symbols and formulae where needed. The S language is often the vehicle of choice for research in statistical methodology, and R provides an Open Source route to participation in that activity. R provides a wide variety of statistical (linear and nonlinear modelling, classical statistical tests, time-series analysis, classification, clustering, …) and graphical techniques, and is highly extensible. There are some important differences, but much code written for S runs unaltered under R. R can be considered as a different implementation of S. It is a GNU project which is similar to the S language and environment which was developed at Bell Laboratories (formerly AT&T, now Lucent Technologies) by John Chambers and colleagues. R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics.

R & r studio